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visibility

The visibility CSS property shows or hides an element without changing the layout of a document. The property can also hide rows or columns in a <table>.

To both hide an element and remove it from the document layout, set the display property to none instead of using visibility.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
visibility: visible;
visibility: hidden;
visibility: collapse;

/* Global values */
visibility: inherit;
visibility: initial;
visibility: unset;

The visibility property is specified as one of the keyword values listed below.

Values

visible
The element box is visible.
hidden
The element box is invisible (not drawn), but still affects layout as normal. Descendants of the element will be visible if they have visibility set to visible. The element cannot receive focus (such as when navigating through tab indexes).
collapse
  • For <table> rows, columns, column groups, and row groups, the row(s) or column(s) are hidden and the space they would have occupied is removed (as if display: none were applied to the column/row of the table). However, the size of other rows and columns is still calculated as though the cells in the collapsed row(s) or column(s) are present. This value allows for the fast removal of a row or column from a table without forcing the recalculation of widths and heights for the entire table.
  • Collapsed flex items are hidden, and the space they would have occupied is removed.
  • For XUL elements, the computed size of the element is always zero, regardless of other styles that would normally affect the size, although margins still take effect.
  • For other elements, collapse is treated the same as hidden.

Formal syntax

visible | hidden | collapse

Interpolation

Visibility values are interpolable between visible and not-visible. One of the start or ending values must therefore be visible or no interpolation can happen. The value is interpolated as a discrete step, where values of the timing function between 0 and 1 map to visible and other values of the timing function (which occur only at the start/end of the transition or as a result of cubic-bezier() functions with y values outside of [0, 1]) map to the closer endpoint.

Examples

Basic example

HTML

<p class="visible">The first paragraph is visible.</p>
<p class="not-visible">The second paragraph is NOT visible.</p>
<p class="visible">The third paragraph is visible. Notice the second paragraph is still occupying space.</p>

CSS

.visible {
  visibility: visible;
}

.not-visible {
  visibility: hidden;
}

Table example

HTML

<table>
  <tr>
    <td>1.1</td>
    <td class="collapse">1.2</td>
    <td>1.3</td>
  </tr>
  <tr class="collapse">
    <td>2.1</td>
    <td>2.2</td>
    <td>2.3</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3.1</td>
    <td>3.2</td>
    <td>3.3</td>
  </tr>
</table>

CSS

.collapse {
  visibility: collapse;
}

table {
  border: 1px solid red;
}

td {
  border: 1px solid gray;
}

Accessibility concerns

Using a visibility value of hidden on an element will remove it from the accessibility tree. This will cause the element and all its descendant elements to no longer be announced by screen reading technology.

Notes

  • Support for visibility: collapse is missing or partially incorrect in some modern browsers. It may not be correctly treated like visibility: hidden on elements other than table rows and columns.
  • visibility: collapse may change the layout of a table if the table has nested tables within the cells that are collapsed, unless visibility: visible is specified explicitly on nested tables.

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Flexible Box Layout Module
The definition of 'visibility' in that specification.
Candidate Recommendation Defines the collapse value as it applies to flex items.
CSS Basic Box Model
The definition of 'visibility' in that specification.
Working Draft No changes.
CSS Transitions
The definition of 'visibility' in that specification.
Working Draft Defines visibility as animatable.
CSS Level 2 (Revision 1)
The definition of 'visibility' in that specification.
Recommendation Initial definition.
Initial value visible
Applies to all elements
Inherited yes
Media visual
Computed value as specified
Animation type a visibility
Canonical order the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Browser compatibilityUpdate compatibility data on GitHub

Desktop
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari
Basic support 1 12 1 4
4
Internet Explorer doesn't support visibility: initial.
Up to Internet Explorer 7, descendants of hidden elements will still be invisible even if they have visibility set to visible.
4 1
collapse 62
62
Chrome treats visibility: collapse like hidden, leaving a white gap.
Chrome supports the collapse value only on <tr>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot>, but not on <col> and <colgroup> elements.
12 Yes
Yes
Firefox doesn't hide borders when hiding <col> and <colgroup> elements if border-collapse: collapse is set.
Yes Yes
Yes
In Opera, visibility: collapse works on table elements, but doesn't hide a <tfoot> if it is adjacent to a visible <tbody>.
Yes
Yes
Safari treats visibility: collapse like hidden, leaving a white gap.
Safari supports the collapse value only on <tr>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot>, but not on <col> and <colgroup> elements.
Mobile
Android webview Chrome for Android Edge Mobile Firefox for Android Opera for Android iOS Safari Samsung Internet
Basic support 1 18 Yes 4 6 1 Yes
collapse No Yes
Yes
Chrome treats visibility: collapse like hidden, leaving a white gap.
Chrome supports the collapse value only on <tr>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot>, but not on <col> and <colgroup> elements.
Yes Yes
Yes
Firefox doesn't hide borders when hiding <col> and <colgroup> elements if border-collapse: collapse is set.
Yes
Yes
In Opera, visibility: collapse works on table elements, but doesn't hide a <tfoot> if it is adjacent to a visible <tbody>.
Yes
Yes
Safari treats visibility: collapse like hidden, leaving a white gap.
Safari supports the collapse value only on <tr>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot>, but not on <col> and <colgroup> elements.
Yes

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Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/visibility