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perspective()

The perspective() CSS function defines a transformation that sets the distance between the user and the z=0 plane. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Syntax

The perspective distance used by perspective() is specified by a <length> value, which represents the distance between the user and the z=0 plane. A positive value makes the element appear closer to the user, a negative value farther.

perspective(d)

Values

d: Is a <length> representing the distance from the user to the z=0 plane. If it is 0 or a negative value, no perspective transform is applied.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ²	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ²	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ³	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ³
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		This transformation is not a linear transformation in ℝ³, and can't be represented using a Cartesian-coordinate matrix.	$(\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & - 1 / d & 1 \end{matrix})$

Examples

HTML

<p>Without perspective:</p>
<div class="no-perspective-box">
  <div class="face front">A</div>
  <div class="face top">B</div>
  <div class="face left">C</div>
</div>

<p>With perspective (7.5cm):</p>
<div class="perspective-box">
  <div class="face front">A</div>
  <div class="face top">B</div>
  <div class="face left">C</div>
</div>

CSS

.face {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  line-height: 100px;
  font-size: 100px;
  text-align: center;
}

.no-perspective-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform: rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(15deg);
  margin-left: 100px;
}

.perspective-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform: perspective(7.5cm) rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(15deg);
  margin-left: 100px;
}

.top {
  background-color: skyblue;
  transform: rotateX(90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}

.left {
  background-color: pink;
  transform: rotateY(-90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}

.front {
  background-color: limegreen;
  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}

Result

Browser compatibility

Please see the <transform-function> data type for compatibility info.