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line-height

The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.

Syntax

/* Keyword value */
line-height: normal;

/* Unitless values: use this number multiplied
by the element's font size */
line-height: 3.5;

/* <length> values */
line-height: 3em;

/* <percentage> values */
line-height: 34%;

/* Global values */
line-height: inherit;
line-height: initial;
line-height: unset;

The line-height property is specified as any one of the following:

Values

normal
Depends on the user agent. Desktop browsers (including Firefox) use a default value of roughly1.2, depending on the element's font-family.
<number> (unitless)
The used value is this unitless <number> multiplied by the element's own font size. The computed value is the same as the specified <number>. In most cases, this is the preferred way to set line-height and avoid unexpected results due to inheritance.
<length>
The specified <length> is used in the calculation of the line box height. Values given in em units may produce unexpected results (see example below).
<percentage>
Relative to the font size of the element itself. The computed value is this <percentage> multiplied by the element's computed font size. Percentage values may produce unexpected results (see the second example below).
-moz-block-height
Sets the line height to the content height of the current block.

Formal syntax

normal | <number> | <length> | <percentage>

Examples

Basic example

/* All rules below have the same resultant line height */

div { line-height: 1.2;   font-size: 10pt; }   /* number/unitless */ 
div { line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 10pt; }   /* length */ 
div { line-height: 120%;  font-size: 10pt; }   /* percentage */
div { font: 10pt/1.2  Georgia,"Bitstream Charter",serif; } /* font shorthand */

It is often more convenient to set line-height by using the font shorthand as shown above, but this requires the font-family property to be specified as well.

Prefer unitless numbers for line-height values

This example shows why it is better to use <number> values instead of <length> values. We will use two <div> elements. The first, with the green border, uses a unitless line-height value. The second, with the red border, uses a line-height value defined in ems.

CSS

.green {
  line-height: 1.1;
  border: solid limegreen;
}

.red {
  line-height: 1.1em;
  border: solid red;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 30px;
}

.box {
  width: 18em;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-size: 15px;
}

HTML

<div class="box green">
 <h1>Avoid unexpected results by using unitless line-height.</h1>
  length and percentage line-heights have poor inheritance behavior ...
</div>

<div class="box red">
 <h1>Avoid unexpected results by using unitless line-height.</h1>
  length and percentage line-heights have poor inheritance behavior ...
</div>

<!-- The first <h1> line-height is calculated from its own font-size   (30px × 1.1) = 33px  --> 
<!-- The second <h1> line-height results from the red div's font-size  (15px × 1.1) = 16.5px,  probably not what you want -->

Result

Accessibility concerns

Use a minimum value of 1.5 for line-height for main paragraph content. This will help people experiencing low vision conditions, as well as people with cognitive concerns such as Dyslexia. If the page is zoomed to increase the text size, using a unitless value ensures that the line height will scale proportionately.

W3C Understanding WCAG 2.1

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Transitions
The definition of 'line-height' in that specification.
Working Draft Defines line-height as animatable.
CSS Level 2 (Revision 1)
The definition of 'line-height' in that specification.
Recommendation No change.
CSS Level 1
The definition of 'line-height' in that specification.
Recommendation Initial definition.
Initial value normal
Applies to all elements. It also applies to ::first-letter and ::first-line.
Inherited yes
Percentages refer to the font size of the element itself
Media visual
Computed value for percentage and length values, the absolute length, otherwise as specified
Animation type either number or length
Canonical order the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Browser compatibilityUpdate compatibility data on GitHub

Desktop
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari
Basic support 1 12 1 4 7 1
-moz-block-height No No 3.6 No No No
Mobile
Android webview Chrome for Android Edge Mobile Firefox for Android Opera for Android iOS Safari Samsung Internet
Basic support 1 Yes 12 4 6 1 Yes
-moz-block-height No No No 4 No No No

See also

© 2005–2018 Mozilla Developer Network and individual contributors.
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/line-height