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std::is_heap_until

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
	(1)
template< class RandomIt > RandomIt is_heap_until( RandomIt first, RandomIt last );		(since C++11) (until C++20)
template< class RandomIt > constexpr RandomIt is_heap_until( RandomIt first, RandomIt last );		(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomIt > RandomIt is_heap_until( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, RandomIt first, RandomIt last );	(2)	(since C++17)
	(3)
template< class RandomIt, class Compare > RandomIt is_heap_until( RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Compare comp );		(since C++11) (until C++20)
template< class RandomIt, class Compare > constexpr RandomIt is_heap_until( RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Compare comp );		(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomIt, class Compare > RandomIt is_heap_until( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Compare comp );	(4)	(since C++17)

Examines the range [first, last) and finds the largest range beginning at first which is a max heap.

1) Elements are compared using operator<.

3) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function comp.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to examine
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
comp	-	comparison function object (i.e. an object that satisfies the requirements of Compare) which returns `true` if the first argument is less than the second. The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following: `bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);` While the signature does not need to have `const &`, the function must not modify the objects passed to it and must be able to accept all values of type (possibly const) `Type1` and `Type2` regardless of value category (thus, `Type1 &` is not allowed, nor is `Type1` unless for `Type1` a move is equivalent to a copy (since C++11)). The types `Type1` and `Type2` must be such that an object of type `RandomIt` can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them.
Type requirements
-`RandomIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyRandomAccessIterator.

Return value

The upper bound of the largest range beginning at first which is a max heap. That is, the last iterator it for which range [first, it) is a max heap.

Complexity

Linear in the distance between first and last.

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Notes

A max heap is a range of elements [f,l) that has the following properties:

With N = l - f, for all 0 < i < N, f[floor( i-1 2 )] does not compare less than f[i].
a new element can be added using std::push_heap()
the first element can be removed using std::pop_heap()

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v { 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9 };
 
    std::make_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
 
    // probably mess up the heap
    v.push_back(2);
    v.push_back(6);
 
    auto heap_end = std::is_heap_until(v.begin(), v.end());
 
    std::cout << "all of v: ";
    for (auto i : v) std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "only heap: ";
    for (auto i = v.begin(); i != heap_end; ++i) std::cout << *i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

all of v:  9 5 4 1 1 3 2 6 
only heap: 9 5 4 1 1 3 2