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std::adjacent_find

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
	(1)
template< class ForwardIt > ForwardIt adjacent_find( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last );		(until C++20)
template< class ForwardIt > constexpr ForwardIt adjacent_find( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last );		(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt > ForwardIt adjacent_find( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last );	(2)	(since C++17)
	(3)
template< class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate> ForwardIt adjacent_find( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p );		(until C++20)
template< class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate> constexpr ForwardIt adjacent_find( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p );		(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate> ForwardIt adjacent_find( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p );	(4)	(since C++17)

Searches the range [first, last) for two consecutive identical elements.

1) Elements are compared using operator==.

3) Elements are compared using the given binary predicate p.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to examine
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
p	-	binary predicate which returns `true` if the elements should be treated as equal. The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following: `bool pred(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);` While the signature does not need to have `const &`, the function must not modify the objects passed to it and must be able to accept all values of type (possibly const) `Type1` and `Type2` regardless of value category (thus, `Type1 &` is not allowed, nor is `Type1` unless for `Type1` a move is equivalent to a copy (since C++11)). The types `Type1` and `Type2` must be such that an object of type `ForwardIt` can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them.
Type requirements
-`ForwardIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyForwardIterator.

Return value

an iterator to the first of the first pair of identical elements, that is, the first iterator it such that *it == *(it+1) for the first version or p(*it, *(it + 1)) != false for the second version.

If no such elements are found, last is returned.

Complexity

1,3) Exactly min((result-first)+1, (last-first)-1) applications of the predicate where result is the return value.

2,4) O(last-first) applications of the corresponding predicate.

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Possible implementation

First version
template<class ForwardIt> ForwardIt adjacent_find(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last) { if (first == last) { return last; } ForwardIt next = first; ++next; for (; next != last; ++next, ++first) { if (first == next) { return first; } } return last; }
Second version
template<class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate> ForwardIt adjacent_find(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p) { if (first == last) { return last; } ForwardIt next = first; ++next; for (; next != last; ++next, ++first) { if (p(first, next)) { return first; } } return last; }

First version

template<class ForwardIt>
ForwardIt adjacent_find(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    if (first == last) {
        return last;
    }
    ForwardIt next = first;
    ++next;
    for (; next != last; ++next, ++first) {
        if (*first == *next) {
            return first;
        }
    }
    return last;
}

Second version

template<class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate>
ForwardIt adjacent_find(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, 
                        BinaryPredicate p)
{
    if (first == last) {
        return last;
    }
    ForwardIt next = first;
    ++next;
    for (; next != last; ++next, ++first) {
        if (p(*first, *next)) {
            return first;
        }
    }
    return last;
}

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v1{0, 1, 2, 3, 40, 40, 41, 41, 5};
 
    auto i1 = std::adjacent_find(v1.begin(), v1.end());
 
    if (i1 == v1.end()) {
        std::cout << "no matching adjacent elements\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "the first adjacent pair of equal elements at: "
                  << std::distance(v1.begin(), i1) << '\n';
    }
 
    auto i2 = std::adjacent_find(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::greater<int>());
    if (i2 == v1.end()) {
        std::cout << "The entire vector is sorted in ascending order\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "The last element in the non-decreasing subsequence is at: "
                  << std::distance(v1.begin(), i2) << '\n';
    }
}

Output:

The first adjacent pair of equal elements at: 4
The last element in the non-decreasing subsequence is at: 7